[An impressive photo album documenting a mining machinist and his wife’s travels while working for the Day Mining Co. and Harriman’s Georgian Manganese Company in and around Tchiatouri (Ciat’ural) Georgia, and other areas of the Caucasus during the 1920’s. The hundreds of well-annotated photos reveal street life, villages, mountain ruins, Armenian refugees, Kurdish villages, along with trips to Moscow a decade after the Russian Revolution, France, Turkey, Palestine, Egypt, Hong Kong, and Japan following World War I.] by [CAUCASUS, GEORGIA, SOVIET UNION, TURKEY & EGYPT -- PHOTO ALBUM]. [POWERS, John “Jack” Albert & FITZGERALD POWERS, Ruth M.?] - ca. 1925-1929].

[Tchiatouri, Georgia & Wallace, ID: Georgian Manganese Mining Co., Day Mining Co., ca. 1925-1929]. Thick oblong 4to. 11.75 x 8.25 x 2.25 in. [168 pp (unpaginated).], on thick black paper stock. With 635 silver gelatin photographs sized from 2 x 3 in. up to 8 x 10 in., with the majority sized 3.25 x 5.25 in., nearly all annotated below in neat white ink lettering, some w/ annotations, somew/in negative indicating negative number, those partially lifed from black paper have ink & pencil annotations on versos matching the white ink captions, some are RPPC’s w/ captions w/in the negatives at lower fore-edges of image, and also present is an 8 page folded manuscript inventory documenting about 400 of the photos, closely matching most of the captions. Contemporary flexible black calf Badger post-binder, black enamel coated screw-posts (a few leaves loose, others proud, some photos overlapping, occasional closed tears, a few inner joints neatly repaired at gutter), still an outstanding exemplar. This exceptional album provides an essential documentary record of the Soviet era Caucasus of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Abkhazia just a few years after the 11th Red Army invaded Georgia and after a one-week offensive, Georgian Bolsheviks took over the country. The album opens with a composite panoramic photo of Tchiatouri, notably without the rusting overhead tramways installed by Stalin during the 1950’s. Following the formation of Georgia SSR, Tchiatouri, and the surrounding regions held some of the largest metallurgical grade manganese in the World, and in the 1920’s the Georgian Manganese Company. The subsequent photos depict several of the homes occupied by mine personnel, the surrounding region, and the main company offices. Many of the photos focus on the local peasants, bazaars, markets, Georgian families, fruit markets, animal markets and more. Additional photos depict the foreign ex-patriot life in Batum (Batumi, Adjara) with birds-eye views of the city, Orthodox churches (converted at the time to a Men’s Club), as well as tea and banana plantations. Still more photos show Armenian refugees, Jewish cigarette boys, wine merchants carrying wine in pig skins, ox carts, horse-drawn street cars, village blacksmiths, gypsy fortune tellers, trained bears, and even the local kerosene vendor wagon. Mining operations in Seminoff and Karuto are shown with ore being hauled by ox cart, loaded onto rail cars, ore crushing mill, as well as views of Perevisi, Chokruti (Shukrut), and other ore bearing plateaus, their Karuto house. Of additional interest are the photos of the Tchiatouri Monastery, a cliffside still functioning convent known as the Mgviemevi Convent, featuring a 13th-Century two-nave basilica, native village, and connecting ore tramways. A series of photos is also devoted to the old Sachakari (Modinakhe) Castle ruins, both inside, and out, fortifications, and local cave dwellings, all much more severely damaged decades later in the 1991 earthquake. The compiler has also included photos of the market, homes, and street scenes in Tiflis, as well as the old Roman Walls, the local prison, Kurdish homes and camel herds along the railway to Moscow, scenes along the railroad line between Tiflis & Baku, and the Caspian sea port of Russian caviar at Petrovsk. The Harriman Georgian Manganese Co. maintained offices in Moscow, and in fact W. Averell Harriman (1891-1986) himself, negotiated with Leon Trotsky, prior to Lenin’s death and the rise of Stalin forcing him into exile in 1929 for the Manganese mining rights. Many of the photos reveal an extended winter trip through Moscow, with a visit to the Kremlin, the newly built Lenin’s tomb, Red Square, the Bolshoi Grand Theater, and even a visit to the Polish & Russian Border. After a short trip through France in the midst of rebuilding, and Great Britain, the couple voyage to Greece, Turkey, and Palestine. Photos depict Turkish sailboats, mosques and street views in Samsun, Turkey, Constantinople from the Bosphorus, the Galata Bridge, the Sultan’s palace and Seraglio, the Hagia Sophia, as well as the old walls. While traveling by rail through Syria and Palestine, a series of photos is captioned that the railroad was “made famous by Lawrence in the Revolt of the Desert, these pictures taken between Damascus and Tiberius.” The visit through Palestine shows farms, Jerusalem, the Dome of the Rock, Wailing Wall, street scenes, and the Church of the Nativity. This is followed by tour down the Nile, visits to the Pyramids, as well as later stops in Somalia, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Saigon, Indo-China, Hong Kong, and Japan. The album is unsigned, without ownership markings, and has been attributed to Jack Powers and his wife Ruth Fitzgerald Powers (1895-1967) by an unrelated family who held the album. In addition, at the rear of the album there are numerous photos of the Day-Hale Co. hunting trips on the Locksaw River in Idaho, which included Henry Day, Jack Powers, E.L. Hale, and Dr. Max Smith, with Powers clearly identified, and closely matching several of the photos depicted in the other parts of the album. Powers began working as a machinist and mechanic with an auto dealership before World War I, but by the early 1920’s was actively working as machinery trouble-shooter for Tamarack Custer Mining Co., ad Day Mining Co. subsidiary, and also worked as a specialist on compressors. Harriman and his younger brother Roland owned mining operations in Soviet Georgia, copper mines in Silesia, oil fields in Iran, and even a power plant in Poland, but after the stock market crash in 1929, they merged with their biggest competitor to become Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. He is perhaps best remembered for development of the Sun Valley Lodge and ski resort in Ketchum, Idaho. See: Strishkov & Levine, The Manganese Industry of the U.S.S.R. (1986), pp. 7-10; Day Mines, Inc., Manuscript Group 306, Records, 1921-1985, Univ. of Idaho, Special Collections & Archives; Rudy Abramson, Spanning the Century: The life of W. Averell Harriman, 1891-1986 (1992).