Descrizione della Reale Galleria di Firenze secondo lo stato attuale

Florence: Per Gaetano Cambiagi, 1792. Hardcover. Fine. Bound with:

Massi, Pasquale, da Cesena

Indicazione Antiquaria del Pontificio Museo Pio-Clementino in Vaticano, stesa da Pasquale Mass Cesenate Custode del Museo Stesso/ Catalogue Indicatif des Antiquitès Composant Le Musèe Pie-Clèmentin au Vatican par Paschal Massi de Cesèns Garde du dit Musèe.

Roma: Presso Lazzarini, 1792

Two Octavo Volumes in one: 15.5 x 10 cm. I. (Cambiagi): 279 p. Octavo: A-Q8, R12. II (Massi): [4] 216 pp. Collation: [ ]2, a-m8, n12 (- blank [ ]1)

FIRST EDITIONS OF BOTH WORKS. Bound in early 19th c. quarter sheep and boards, with vellum corners. Gilt title label to spine "Galleries di Florence et Rome". Some wear to boards and corners, hinges lightly rubbed. The text is in fine condition, edges of the text-block stained an even yellow.

I. Guide to the Uffizi:

An important guide to Florence's Uffizi galleries, documenting the radical re-organization of the Medicean collections under the Dukes of Lorraine, and in particular the dramatic changes made by Grand Duke Peter Leopold (1747-1792). "Across his twenty-five year reign (1765-1790), Duke Leopold made significant changes to the artistic culture of Florence, including a wholesale renovation of the Uffizi, bringing it... towards the modern museum."(Reid)

The guide is attributed to the publisher, Gaetano Cambiagi, custodian of Florence's two astounding public libraries: the Uffizi's Bibliotheca Magliabechiana and the magnificent Bibliotheca Marucelliana; and author of a history of the Uffizi (1779.) Cambiagi's guide book replaced the long-out-of-print and out-of-date guide written by Giuseppe Bianchi in 1759. (Luigi Lanzi's 1782 description of the Uffizi collections, "La Real Galleria di Firenze accresciuta, e riordinata per comando di s.a.r. l'arciduca granduca di Toscana" was not designed for use as a hand-held guide book.)

The book appeared shortly after the death of Peter Leopold, whose great contributions to the Uffizi are described on pages 23 ff. and are manifest throughout the book in the description of the collections and their arrangement. The reorganization was executed under three directors of the museum: Giuseppe Querci (1769-73), Raimondo Cocchi (1773-75), and especially Giuseppe Pelli Bencivenni (1775-93) in (often fraught) collaboration the museum's first co-director, Luigi Lanzi (1732- 1810).

For a detailed discussion of the transformation of the Uffizi collections under the Dukes of Lorraine, and of Peter Leopold in particular, see Callum Reid, "Twenty Magnificent Temples of the Arts" Geographic Schools in the Uffizi Gallery" in "Florence After the Medici Tuscan Enlightenment, 1737-1790" Chapter 10.

II. The Vatican Museums:

Massi's "Indicazione Antiquaria" is the first catalogue of the Museo Pio-Clementino - founded by Pope Clement XIV in 1771 and greatly expanded his successor by Pius VI-, written for the use of visitors by the keeper of the museum, Pasquale Massi of Cesena. II. Here bound with a contemporary guide book to the Uffizi galleries in Florence.

The Museo Pio-Clementino was the first major curatorial museum within what are known today collectively as the Vatican Museums. In 1771, Pope Clement XIV had Michelangelo Simonetti adapt the Belvedere Pavilion to accommodate the papal collection of ancient art. When Clement's successor, the avid art collector Pius VI, was elevated to the pontificate in 1775, the pace of acquisition increased dramatically and very soon the collections outgrew the rooms arranged for them by Simonetti. In 1776, Pius VI called for a radical restructuring of the existing museum and the construction of new, grand spaces to house the ever-expanding collection.

Massi's catalogue, a room-by-room guide of the museum with descriptions of all of the artifacts and artworks housed therein, is an invaluable record of how the greatly expanded museum of antiquities looked in the late 18th century, with its newly constructed series of rooms and the recently installed masterpieces of ancient sculpture -the fruits of some of the most important excavations in Italy, including the excavation of Hadrian's villa at Tivoli.

In addition to providing a record of the arrangement of the exhibits, Massi's catalogue, in which he provides details of provenance, acquisition, and attribution of each artwork described, serves as a history of the museum's formation, and preserves valuable information about the art trade and the function of archaeology in the late 18th century. Massi has used a system of numbers and letters to indicate which works were added to the museums by Julius II and his various successors, above all Clement XIV and the then-current pope, Pius VI.

In his introduction, Massi tells us that he has designed his guide for portability and easy reference by tourists, by arranging the descriptions of the objects in each room in the form of a walking itinerary. Since it is necessary at two points to retrace one's steps, Massi's guide leads us along one side of each room as we proceed through the galleries. When it is time to reverse our course, he leads us along the opposite side of the rooms already traversed, thus keeping us engaged and entertained as we retrace our steps through the vast complex.

Our tour begins at the new entrance to the museum, in the corridor of Cleopatra, also known as the corridor of the inscriptions, just within the new entrance to the museum. We then pass through two vestibules. The first one is square, with frescoes by Giovanni da Udine in the vault. In it we encounter the tomb of the Scipios and the Belvedere Torso. The second vestibule is round and in its center is a large bowl made of pavonazzetto. From here we proceed through a corridor into the porticoed, octagonal courtyard of the Belvedere, the site of Julius II's first installation of ancient sculpture, transformed by Simonetti in the 1770's. Massi then leads us through the hall of the animals, the gallery of statues, the gallery of busts, and the "loggia scoperta" (the room of masks).

We make our way back through these galleries to arrive at the series of rooms created by Simonetti in the 1780's. The first of these is the hall of the muses. We then enter the breathtaking Sala Rotonda (with its immense, newly installed, ancient porphyry basin from the Domus Aurea), through which we make our way to the Sala of the Greek Cross, where we find the newly installed ancient porphyry sarcophagus of Constantine's daughter, Constantia. From here Massi takes us, via Simonetti's new staircase, up past the unfinished hall of the biga, to Bramante's vast gallery of the candelabra, which is itself divided into numerous rooms with vases, statuary, and jewelry. Exiting by the stairs we visit the library and trace our way back through the new wing and via the Belvedere courtyard (where we marvel at the Laocoön and the Belvedere Apollo) to the cortile, the great open court of the complex, where our tour ends.