DENKENDE TIERE - Beitrage zur Tierseelenkunde auf Grund eigener Versuche. Der Kluge Hans und Meine Pferde Muhamed und Zarif [trans: THINKING ANIMALS - Contributions to Animal Psychology based on our own Experiments. Smart Hans and my Horses Muhamed and Zarif]

Leipzig: Verlag von Friedrich Engelmann. Very Good+ in Very Good- dust jacket. 1912. Second Revised Edition. Original Printed Wrappers. (x), 532, (6) pages; Contents clean and complete in original dark gray textured wrappers with silver lettering in near Very Good dustjacket with photograph of horse on front wrapper; chipped and worn at lower edge and base of spine. 2. unveränderte Auflage. mit Abbildunger nach eigene aufnahmen und anh. handschriftl. Brief in Faksimile. [Illustrated throughout with photographs and a six-page facsimile manuscript letter at end.] Frontispiece heliotype portrait of Wilhelm von Osten, plus eight full-page plates and over 150 illustrations, mostly half-tone reproductions from photographs by the author. This pioneer animal psychologist Karl Krall (1863-1923) presents his studies of animal intelligence in this volume. After the death of the previous owner in 1909, Krall inherited the famous horse Kluge Hans and continued the experiments that Wilhelm von Osten had started. In addition to Hans, eleven other horses, two donkeys, a pony and an elephant served him as laboratory animals from 1908 onwards. These included the stallions Muhamed, who was said to be able to solve complex arithmetic problems, and Zarif, who was said to have an unusual talent for reading. Krall presents his material in five main sections. The first (83 p.) deals briefly with the history of Clever Hans and at greater length with tests of his senses and intelligence carried out by Krall in co-operation with von Osten. The second (88 pp.) reports Krall's work with Muhamed and Zarif, his methods of teaching, the supposed spontaneous attempts of the horses at communication and the efforts of the experimenters to facilitate them, and finally with the results of experiments made without knowledge on the part of the questioner (or of others present) as to the answers which ought to be given by the horses. The third part (74 PP.) gathers up the experience of Krall and others on horse education, particularly as regards responsiveness and temperament, with an added discussion on the extentto which animals comprehend and can make use of vocal speech. Following this section comes a statement of conclusions and upwards of 30 pages of painstaking notes touching matters treated in the previous sections. The fourth and fifth sections are appendices and handle in greater detail the subjects considered in the first two sections. The fourth (171 pp.) gives the history of von Osten's efforts in horse education begun in 1888 with an earlier Hans and recommenced in Igoo with the Hans known to fame. From the year 1904 when the later Hans came to public notice, the chronicle is as full as industry and a quasi-religious devotion can make it. Extracts from the protocol of Krall's experiments with Hans fill the last 30 pages. The fifth section (50 pp.) gives a similar, though briefer, history of the training of Muhamed and Zarif, accompanied also by transcripts from the protocol. Twenty odd pages of notes again, afull index and a reproduction of several pages of manuscript in the hand of von Osten, conclude the work. Just before the index the author announces in cryptogram, after the manner of the earlierscientists, certain results which constitute the basis for work upon which he is still engaged. Krall's book is to be praised for the care with which he has gathered all obtainable information about Hans and the other horses, for the lavish illustrations, making the reader almost a spectator of his work, and for his costly experiments which remain of lasting value to human and animal psychology ... a document of great importance. [ Review by E.C.S. in American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan., 1914)] .