The Prehistoric World: Or, Vanished Races (First Edition) by Allen, E.A.; Winchell, Alexander; Rau, Charles; Putnam, F.W.; Abbott, C.C.; Bandelier, A.F.; Thomas, Cyrus; - 1885

Cincinnati: Central Publishing House, 1885. Hardcover. Good/No Jacket.

Cincinnati: Central Publishing House, 1885.

FIRST EDITION.

Original cloth.
820 pages.
Illustrated throughout.

Good. Reglued at hinges (not very professionally) else tight binding; light foxing else clean pages; covers worn, especially at spine ends.

A wonderful antique book on the ancient peoples and cultures; from archeological ruins and research. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
DIFFICULTIES of the subject-Lesson to be learned-The pursuit
of knowledge--Recent advances-Prehistoric past of the Old World-Of the New-Of Mexico and the South-The Isles of the Pacific-Similar nature of the relics-The wonders of the present 'age-History of popular opinion on this subject-The teachings of the Bible-Nature of the evidence of man's antiquity--The steps leading up to this belief--Geology-Astronomy-Unfolding of life-Nature of our inquiry.

CHAPTER II.
EARLY GEOLOGICAL PERIODS.
NECESSITY of a general acquaintance with the outlines of Geology-A time in which no life was possible on the globe-Length of this period-History of life commences at the close of this period-On the formation of rocks-The record imperfect-The three great periods in animal life on the globe-Paleozoic Age-Animal and vegetable life of this period-Ideal scenes in this period-The Mesozoic Age-Animal and vegetable life of this period-Advance noted-Abundance of reptilian life-First appearance of birds-Nature's methods of work-the Cenozoic Age-Geological outline-Sketch of the Eocene Age-Of the Miocene Age-What is sufficient proof of the presence of man-Discussion on the Thenay flints-The Pliocene Age-Animal and vegetable life of this age-Was man present during this age?-Discussion of this subject-Summing up of the evidence-Conclusion.

CHAPTER III.
MEN OF THE RIVER DRIFT.
BEGINNING of the Glacial Age-Interglacial Age-Man living in
Europe during this age-Map of Europe-Proof of former elevation of land-The animals living in Europe during this age--Conclusions drawn from these different animals-The vegetation of this period-Different climatic conditions of Europe during the Glacial Age-Proofs of the Glacial Age-Extent of Glacial Ice-Evidence of warm Interglacial Age-The primitive state of man-Early English civilization Views of Horace-Primitive man destitute of metals-Order in which different materials were used by man for weapons-Evidence from the River Somme-History of Boucher De Perthes's investigations. Discussion of the subject--Antiquity of these remains-Improvement during the Paleolithic
Age-Description of the flint implements-Other countries where theseimplements are found-What race of men were these tribes-The Canstadt race-Mr. Dawkins's views-When did they first appear in Europe? The authorities on this question-Conclusion.

CHAPTER IV.
CAVE-MEN.
OTHER sources of information--History of cave explorations-The formation of caves-Exploration in Kent's Cavern-Evidence of two different races-The higher culture of the later race-Evidence of prolonged time-Exploration of Robin Hood Cave-Explorations in Valley of the River Meuse-M. Dupont's conclusions-Explorations in the Valley of the Dordogne-The station at Schussenreid-Cave-men not found south of the Alps-Habitations of the Cave-men-Cave-men were hunters-methods of cooking-Destitute of the potter's art-Their weapons-Clothing-Their skill in drawing-Evidence of a government-Of a religious belief-Race of the Cave-men-Distinct from the Men of the Drift-Probable connection with the Eskimos.

CHAPTER V.
ANTIQUITY OF THE PALEOLITHIC AGE.
INTEREST in the antiquity of man--Connected with the Glacial
Age-The subject difficult-Proofs of a Glacial Age-State of Greenland to-day-The Terminal Moraine-Appearance of the North Atlantic-Interglacial Age-Causes of the Glacial Age-Croll's Theory-Geographical causes-- The two theories not antagonistic-The date of the Glacial Age-Probable length of the Paleolithic Age-Time since the close of the Glacial Age-Summary of results.

CHAPTER WI.
THE NEOLITHIC AGE IN EUROPE.
CLOSE of the first cycle-Neolithic culture connected with the present-No links between the two ages-Long lapse of time between the two ages-Swiss lake villages-This form of villages widely scattered Irish cranogs-Fortified villages-Implements and weapons of Neolithic times--Possessed of pottery-Neolithic agriculture-Possessed of domestic animals-Danish shell-heaps-Importance of flint-The art of navigation-Neolithic clothing-Their mode of burial-The question of race-Possible remnants-connection with the Turanian race-Arrival of the Celts.

CHAPTER VII.
THE BRONZE AGE IN EUROPE.
RACES of Men, like Individuals-Gradual change of Neolithic Age
to that of Bronze-The Aryan family-First Aryans Neolithic-Origin
of Bronze-How Great discoveries are made-Gold the first metal-Copper abundant-No Copper Age-The discovery of Tin-Explanation of an Alloy-Bronze, wherever found, the same composition-What is meant by the Bronze Age--Knowledge in other directions-Gradual Growth of Culture-Three Centers of Bronze production--Habitations during the Bronze Age-The Bronze Ax--Implements of Bronze-Personal ornaments-Ornaments not always made of Bronze-Advance in Arts of living-Advance in Agriculture-Warlike Weapons-How they worked Bronze- Advance in Government-Trade in the Bronze Age-Religion of the Bronze Age-Symbolical figures-Temples of the Bronze Age-Stonehenge.

CHAPTER VIII.
THE IRON AGE IN EUROPE.
BRONZE not the best metal-Difficulties attending the discovery of Iron-Probable steps in this discovery-Where this discovery was first made-Known in Ancient Egypt-How this knowledge would spread-Iron would not drive out Bronze-The primitive Iron-worker,The advance in government-Pottery and ornaments of the Iron Age-Weapons of early Iron Age - The battle-field at Tilfenau-Trade of early Iron Age-Invention of Money-Invention of Alphabetic Writing-Invasion of the Germanic Tribes-The cause of the Dark Ages-Connection of these three ages-Necessity of believing in an Extended Past-Attempts to determine the same-Tinière Delta-Lake Bienne-British Fen-lands--Maximum and Minimum Data-Argument from the wide-spread dispersion of the Turanian Race-Mr. Geikie's conclusions-The Isolation
of the Paleolithic Age.

CHAPTER IX
EARLY MAN IN AMERICA.
CONFLICTING accounts of the American Aborigines-Recent discoveries-Climate of California in Tertiary Times-Geological changes near there-The Calaveras skull-Other relics-Discussion of the question-its close-Description of Table Mountain Results of the discoveries Early Californians Neolithic-Explanation of this-Date of the Pliocene Age--Other discoveries bearing on the Antiquity of man- Dr. Koch's discovery-Discoveries in the Loess of Nebraska-In Greene County--III. - In Georgia-- Difficulties in detecting a Paleolithic Age in this country-Dr. Abbott's discoveries-Paleolithic Implements of the Delaware-Age of the deposits - The race of Paleolithic man--Ancestors of the Eskimos-Comparison of Paleolithic Age in this country with that in Europe---Eskimos one of the oldest races in the World.

CHAPTER X.
THE MOUND BUILDERS.
MEANING of "Mound Builders"-Location of Mound Building
tribes-All Mounds not the work of men-Altar Mounds-Objects found on the Altars-Altar Mounds possibly burial Mounds-Burial Mounds-Mounds not the only Cemeteries of these tribes-Terraced Mounds-Cahokia Mound-Historical notice of a group of Mounds-The Etowah group-Signal Mounds-Effigy Mounds-How they represented different animals-Explanation of the Effigy Mounds-Effigy Mounds in other localities-Inclosures of the Scioto Valley-At Newark, Ohio-At Marietta, Ohio-Graded Ways-Fortified Inclosures-Ft. Ancient, Ohio-Inclosures of Northern Ohio-Works of unknown import-Ancient Canals in Missouri-Implements and Weapons of Stone-Their knowledge of Copper-Ancient mining-Ornamental pipes-Their knowledge of pottery-Of Agriculture-Government and Religion-Hard to distinguish them from the Indians.

CHAPTER XI.
THE PUEBLO COUNTRY.
DESCRIPTION of the Pueblo Country--Historical outline-Description of Zuni-Definition of a Pueblo-Old Zuni-Inscription Rock-Pue tribes-The Estufa-Description of the San Juan country- Aztec Springs-- In the Cañon of the McElmo-The Ruins on the Rio Mancos-On Hoven weep Creek-Description of a Cliff-house-Cliff Town Cave Houses-Ruins on the San Juan Cave Town-The Significance of Cliff-houses-Moqui traditions - Ruins in Northern New Mexico Ruins in the Chaco Canon--Pueblo Bonito-Ruins in South-western Arizona-Chiapas-Ruins in Yucatan-Uxmal-The Governor's House--The Nunnery-Room in Nunnery- The Sculptured Façades - Temple at Uxmal-Kabah--Zayi - Labna--Labphak --Chichen Itza-The Nunnery-The Castillo-The Gymnasium-M. Le Plongon's researches-The tradition of the Three Brothers-Chaac-Mal-Antiquity of Chichen-Itza.

CHAPTER XI.
THE CULTURE OF THE CIVILIZED TRIBES.
DIFFERENT views on this question-Reasons for the same-Their
architecture-Different styles of houses-The communal house-The
tecpan-The teocalli-State of society indicated by this architecture, The gens among the Mexicans-The phratry among the Mexicans-The tribe-The powers and duties of the council-The head chiefs of the tribe-The duties of the "Chief-of-men "--The mistake of the Spaniards-The Confederacy-The idea of property among the Mexicans, The ownership of land-Their laws-Enforcement of the laws-Outline of the growth of the Mexicans in power-Their tribute system, How collected- Their system of trade-Slight knowledge of metallurgy--Religion-Quetzalcohuatl--Huitzilopochtli - Mexican priesthood-Human sacrifice-The system of Numeration-The calendar system-The Calendar Stone - Picture-writing - Landa Alphabet - Historical outline.

CHAPTER XVI.
ANCIENT PERU.
FIRST knowledge of Peru-Expeditions of Pizarro-Geography of Peru-But a small part of it inhabitable-The tribes of ancient Peru-How classified-Sources of our knowledge of Peru-Garcillaso De La Vega-Origin of Peruvian civilization-The Bolson of Cuzco Historical outline, Their culture-Divided into phratries and gentes-Government-Efforts to unite the various tribes ---Their system of colonies-The roads of the Incas-The ruins of Chimu-The arts of the Chimu people-The manufacture of Pottery-Excavation at Ancon-Ruins in the Huatica Valley-The construction of a Huaca-The ruins at Pachacamac- The Valley of the Canete-The Chincha Islands-Tiahuanuco-Carved gateway -The Island of Titicaca-Chulpas-Aboriginal Cuzco-- Temple of the Sun-The Fortress-General remarks.

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