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Essai sur le Phlogistique, et sur la constitution des Acides

Essai sur le Phlogistique, et sur la constitution des Acides

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Essai sur le Phlogistique, et sur la constitution des Acides

by KIRWAN Richard & LAVOISIER [NéE PAULZE] Marie-Anne Pierrette & LAVOISIER Antoine Laurent & MORVEAU Guyton de & LAPLACE Pierre Simon de & MONGE Gaspard & BERTHOLLET Claude Louis & FOURCROY Antoine François de

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About This Item

Paris: S.n., 1788. Fine. S.n., Paris 1788, in-8 (12,5x20cm), xij ; 344 pp.; (4 p.), relié. - Edition originale et unique parution de la traduction et analyse critique par les plus grands scientifiques français sous la direction de Mme Lavoisier de ce texte publié en anglais l'année précédente sous le titre An Essay on Phlogiston and the Constitution of Acids. L'ouvrage est constitué de douze sections, toutes suivies de notes critiques par Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, Pierre Simon de La Place, Gaspard Monge, Claude Louis Berthollet et Antoine François de Fourcroy. Reliure de l'époque en demi basane havane, dos lisse orné de filets et fleurons dorés, pièce de titre de maroquin noir, plats de papier à la colle. Mors très habilement restaurés. Intérieur frais hormis deux traces laissées par des signets aux pages 68-69 et 176-177. Rare envoi autographe de Mme Lavoisier à Joseph Louis de Lagrange, illustre mathématicien et fidèle ami de M. Lavoisier. Précieux témoignage du rôle prépondérant que joua Mme Lavoisier dans la « révolution chimique » à l'aube de la Révolution française. Le phlogistique est une théorie chimique apparue à la fin du XVIIème siècle - conçue par Johann Becker et développée par Georg Ernst Stahl - postulant l'existence d'un « élément flamme » inhérent aux corps inflammables et libéré lors de la combustion. Cette hypothèse fut totalement réfutée par Lavoisier qui mit en évidence le rôle de l'oxygène dans le processus de la combustion, créant ainsi la théorie de l'oxydation. Irrité par le scepticisme de Lavoisier à l'égard du phlogistique, l'éminent chimiste irlandais Richard Kirwan publia ce texte intitulé Essay on Phlogiston. « (...) Les chimistes français ralliés à Lavoisier décidèrent de répondre en faisant traduire en français An Essay on Phlogiston. » (Keiko Kawashima, « Madame Lavoisier et la traduction française de l'Essay on phlogiston de Kirwan » in Revue d'histoire des sciences, 2000) Notre ouvrage, loin d'être une simple traduction du travail de Kirwan, emprunte donc la forme d'un véritable manifeste dans lequel les plus grands chimistes du temps s'élèvent contre la théorie phlogistique, déconstruisant un à un les arguments de ses adeptes. L'immense succès de cette traduction française conduit Kirwan à tenter de réfuter les objections de Lavoisier et ses collaborateurs. Il publia en 1789 une deuxième édition de son ouvrage, traduisant les notes françaises de ses détracteurs en anglais et y ajoutant ses propres réfutations. Il se convertit finalement aux idées des antiphlogisticiens, fondatrices de la chimie organique moderne. Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze - Mme Lavoisier - eut un rôle décisif dans la carrière de son mari qui lui enseigna la chimie à sa demande ; elle devint dès lors son assistante, notant les expériences entreprises par Lavoisier et leurs résultats. Bien vite, elle occupa une place dépassant celle de l'épouse dévouée, devenant traductrice mais également autrice : plusieurs notes de cet Essai sur le phlogistique sont de sa plume. Summum de son implication, c'est elle - en sa qualité d'habile illustratrice - qui dessina toutes les planches du Traité élémentaire de chimie (1789), y apposant cette fois sa signature « Paulze Lavoisier Sculpsit ». Notre exemplaire est enrichi d'un rare envoi autographe « du traducteur » - Mme Lavoisier - à Joseph Louis de Lagrange (1736-1813), l'un des meilleurs amis de son mari. C'est Lavoisier qui aiguisa l'intérêt de Lagrange pour cette nouvelle science qu'était la chimie. Ensemble, ils participèrent à l'élaboration du système métrique uniformisant les poids et les mesures, qui vit le jour durant la Révolution. Travaillant pour le gouvernement révolutionnaire, Lagrange eut plus de chance que son ami chimiste qui, victime de la Terreur, fut exécuté. Apprenant que Lavoisier a été guillotiné, le mathématicien déclara : « Il a fallu un instant pour couper la tête de Lavoisier, et un siècle ne suffira pas pour produire une tête si bien faite ». [ENGLISH TRANSLATION FOLLOWS] Essai sur le Phlogistique, et sur la constitution des Acides [Essay on Phlogiston] n. p. | Paris 1788 | 8vo (12.5 x 20 cm) | xij ; 344 pp.; (4 p.) | contemporary half sheep First edition and sole publication of the French translation and critical analysis under the direction of Madame Lavoisier of this text published in English the previous year under the title An Essay on Phlogiston and the Constitution of Acids. The work is made up of twelve sections, all followed by critical notes by Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, Pierre Simon de Laplace & Gaspard Monge & Claude Louis Berthollet & Antoine François de Fourcroy. Contemporary half light brown sheep over marbled paper boards, smooth leather spine decorated with gilt fillets and fleurons, morocco leather title piece. Very skillfully restored joints. Interior in very good condition except for two marks left by bookmarks on pages 68-69 and 176-177. Rare autograph inscription by Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier to Joseph Louis de Lagrange, prominent mathematician and loyal friend to Antoine Lavoisier. Valuable record of the leading role played by Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier in the ""chemical revolution"" at the dawn of the French Revolution. Phlogiston theory emerged at the end of the 17th century - conceived by Johann Becker and developed by Georg Ernst Stahl - postulating the existence of a ""flame element"" inherent in combustible bodies and released during combustion. This hypothesis was completely refuted by Lavoisier, who revealed the role of oxygen in the combustion process, thus inventing the theory of oxidation. Irritated by Lavoisier's skepticism with regard to phlogiston theory, the eminent Irish chemist Richard Kirwan published this text titled Essay on Phlogiston. ""[...] The French chemists who rallied around Lavoisier decided to respond by translating An Essay on Phlogiston into French."" (Keiko Kawashima, ""Madame Lavoisier et la traduction française de l'Essay on phlogiston de Kirwan"" in Revue d'histoire des sciences, 2000). This text, far from being a simple translation of Kirwan's work, adopted the form of a manifesto in itself in which the greatest chemists of the day contested phlogiston theory, dissecting its advocates' arguments one by one. The huge success of the French translation led Kirwan to attempt to refute the objections of Lavoisier and his collaborators. In 1789, he published a second edition of his work, translating the French notes written by its detractors into English and adding his own refutations. He finally converted to the ideas of the anti-phlogisticians, the founders of modern organic chemistry. Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze - Mme Lavoisier - played a key role in the career of her husband, who taught her chemistry at her request; she then became his assistant, recording the experiments he carried out and their results. She very quickly took on a role that went beyond that of the devoted wife, becoming a translator but also a writer: many of the notes in the Essai sur le phlogistique were written by her. At the height of her involvement, it was she - in her capacity as a skilled illustrator - who drew all the plates in Traité élémentaire de chimie (1789), appending her signature ""Paulze Lavoisier Sculpsit"" on this occasion. This specimen includes a rare autograph inscription ""by the translator"" - Mme Lavoisier - to Joseph Louis de Lagrange (1736-1813), one of her husband's closest friends. It was Lavoisier who aroused the interest of Lagrange in the new science of chemistry. Together they participated in the development of a metric system that standardized weights and measures, which came to light during the Revolution. Working for the revolutionary government, Lagrange had more opportunities than his chemist friend, who was executed as a victim of the Terror. When he learned that Lavoisier had been killed at the guillotine, the mathematician declared: ""It took them only an instant to cut off Lavoisier's head, and one hundred years might not suffice to reproduce its like.""

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Bookseller
Rare Books Le Feu Follet - Edition-Originale.com FR (FR)
Bookseller's Inventory #
71724
Title
Essai sur le Phlogistique, et sur la constitution des Acides
Author
KIRWAN Richard & LAVOISIER [NéE PAULZE] Marie-Anne Pierrette & LAVOISIER Antoine Laurent & MORVEAU Guyton de & LAPLACE Pierre Simon de & MONGE Gaspard & BERTHOLLET Claude Louis & FOURCROY Antoine François de
Book Condition
Used - Fine
Binding
Hardcover
Publisher
S.n.
Place of Publication
Paris
Date Published
1788
Weight
0.00 lbs
Bookseller catalogs
Antique books (1455-1820);

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